To further expand on both concepts, the authors provide the metaphor of validity as an archery target and reliability as the results of the shots at the target. In this context, whether given in the morning, afternoon, or night, the scores on the test or exam are consistent. On the other hand, reliability refers to the extent in which a quiz, test or project provides consistent result. In other terms, you are not having students solve an algebra problem to measure how motivated they are. As indicated in the chapter, validity refers to the extent in which a test, quiz or project measures what it is supposed to measure. To provide a clear picture, let's begin by defining both terms. But, how can we ensure that our assessment methods are both valid and reliable? As argued by Gareis and Grant, in chapter 2, reliability and validity work hand-in hand and are especially important when assessing students. In education, there seems to be a certain emphasis placed on reliability and validity in assessment.
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